The Evolution of the Free Movement of Capital

After considering the evolution and scope of the capital movement rules, this Article will examine two distinct themes: 1) the treatment of discriminatory taxation under the capital movement rules, looking in particular at whether there is a coherent approach to this issue across the Treaty “freedoms,” and 2) the reaction of the European Court to the extension of the capital movement rules to third countries

A Participatory Action Research (PAR) into how the language and vocabulary of diabetes facilitates peoples’ experience of living with diabetes: the Language in Diabetes Study (LIDAS)

There are 4.2 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the UK. It has been established that diabetes causes psychological strain for people with diabetes (PWD) both in increased mental health diagnoses and specific issues under the heading “diabetes distress” (DD). The language and vocabulary of diabetes has been implicated in DD as it may comprise of a restricted code/dialect with negative connotations. Suggestions have also been made to alter speech forms to avoid this utilising alternative vocabulary. A further question however, is why this phenomenon persists at all? Aims: The purpose of the Language in Diabetes Action Study (LIDAS) was to explore how the language and vocabulary of diabetes facilitates peoples’ experience of living with diabetes. As a long-term condition diabetes has a high burden of selfmanagement practices by the patient. Language and vocabulary is seen as a mediating factor in PWD understanding the meaning and purpose of those practices and how they mitigate risks for future complications and promote health. A phenomenological and existential underpinning understands that language conveys meaning but also shapes meaning and this will influence a PWD way of being with diabetes. A thorough review of the literature comprises scientific diabetes-related literature, health psychology literature, existential and post-modernist literature and comparison with language and its significance in other long-term conditions. Method: The method deployed was Participatory Action Research by forming a Cooperative Enquiry group of Co-researchers that participated through cycles of dialogue and reflection to provide a “slice through” rather than a “snapshot” of their lifeworld experience with diabetes. This was in order to move closer to research with PWD as opposed to on PWD. Challenges in study realisation were explored and how technology in terms of video conferencing and transcription assisted. Nine participants contributed in the PAR group to varying degrees, of which a core group of 4 committed Co-researchers provided substantiate involvement over eight months of cycles of reflection and dialogue on a weekly or fortnightly basis by consensus. Additionally, work peers from Diabetes UK volunteered involvement. Co-researchers and team peers provided 27 hours of transcribed material, 9000 words of dialectic material from the DUK Forum, with a total number of participatory voices totalling 40 respondents. The gender of participants, including those from the DUK Forum was quite even (47% male, 53% female). However, female participants contributed more cycles of dialogue and reflection over time. The data then comprises closer to 75% of the transcribed data set. Participants’ age ranged from 21 to 50 with a mean calculated age of 32. A hermeneutic developed for Co-researchers through cycles as they became more invested and involved; this was augmented using interpretive analysis in the manner of Foucauldian genealogy considering bio-power, regimes of truth and Heidegger’s notion of entanglement explicated in his discussion in the question concerning technology. In addition to Co-researchers reflections each dialogue was transcribed and analysed for themes and made available to Co-researchers for further comment, so each cycle refined and reworked the thematic analysis. Findings and Discussion: The LIDAS group findings strongly support the phenomenon of a restricted code/dialect in diabetes and the significance in the aetiology of DD. Furthermore, the findings explore the underlying beliefs implicated and the mechanisms that may open understanding to the root of this phenomenon and the route by which it sustains itself. This abstract, idealistic notion is a discourse that concerns an unreflected belief that a PWD attitude and personality is central to management, termed Capacity to Control. In this way a PWD is viewed as having to become highly motivated, disciplined, ascetic and compliant to a restricted regimen, subjected to measurement and assessment of their HbA1c targets. This is as opposed to attributing diabetes management to Skills, Knowledge and Tools that are contextually optimised for the individual PWD and contribute to their pursuit of lifeworld goals. This is epitomised in the exemplars of Structured Patient Education, Pump Therapy and Flash Glucose Monitoring. The discussion explores how this entangled discourse leads to an illusion of choice, an abstract rather than humanistic view of PWD, burnout and DD, moralism and stigma. The study further notes that tensions over targets, resources and cost produce consumerist healthcare and a notion of a patient’s responsibility to be compliant and that these pressures are the root of Capacity to Control. Synthesis of Findings: This section continues by drawing together the themes revealed in the findings with the current literature and the concepts of Heidegger and Foucault. It also explicates the tensions and forces at play for PWD and HCP, drawing attention to Healthcare for long term conditions viewed in the light of consumerism and moralism. The involvement of counselling psychology and psychotherapy is explored and problems that arise in how referrals are made and what psychological care means for diabetes. Conclusion: The study concludes by assessing study limitations and evaluating PAR as a means of generating data and what this means for the findings. It goes on to explore the gender bias and its possible significance for understanding the findings. An exploration of the possible uses of the findings in relation to HCP training and reflective practice, counselling and psychotherapy services for PWD, patient empowerment for PWD and possible future purposes for PAR in health and psychology. It also suggests possibilities for further research: the potential for using the LIDAS study themes to generate survey questions and establish the extent of applicability with wider participation or to address the gender bias. It also assess the possibility of developing LIDAS adapted patient education for clinical trial compared with current patient education

Analyses of ACPL thermal/fluid conditioning system

Results of engineering analyses are reported. Initial computations were made using a modified control transfer function where the systems performance was characterized parametrically using an analytical model. The analytical model was revised to represent the latest expansion chamber fluid manifold design, and systems performance predictions were made. Parameters which were independently varied in these computations are listed. Systems predictions which were used to characterize performance are primarily transient computer plots comparing the deviation between average chamber temperature and the chamber temperature requirement. Additional computer plots were prepared. Results of parametric computations with the latest fluid manifold design are included

Developing web services in a computational grid environment

Grid and Web services are both hot topics today. In this paper, we will present some ongoing work and planned future work at the Cambridge eScience Centre. After an introduction to these technologies in the context of Grid applications development, we describe two use-cases: a database of results in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a small computational Grid for aircraft engineering design. As Grid services are moving towards Web services, we continue to make use of the Globus Toolkit v2.4 (GT2.4), without adopting the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) wholesale. In our scenario, GT2.4 integrates distributed computing resources including HPC and clusters while Web services wrap the scientific code as a service.Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, Shanghai, September 200

Quantum Hall induced currents and the magnetoresistance of a quantum point contact

We report an investigation of quantum Hall induced currents by simultaneous measurements of their magnetic moment and their effect on the conductance of a quantum point contact (QPC). Features in the magnetic moment and QPC resistance are correlated at Landau-level filling factors nu=1, 2 and 4, which demonstrates the common origin of the effects. Temperature and non-linear sweep rate dependences are observed to be similar for the two effects. Furthermore, features in the noise of the induced currents, caused by breakdown of the quantum Hall effect, are observed to have clear correlations between the two measurements. In contrast, there is a distinct difference in the way that the induced currents decay with time when the sweeping field halts at integer filling factor. We attribute this difference to the fact that, while both effects are sensitive to the magnitude of the induced current, the QPC resistance is also sensitive to the proximity of the current to the QPC split-gate. Although it is clearly demonstrated that induced currents affect the electrostatics of a QPC, the reverse effect, the QPC influencing the induced current, was not observed

Catalytic RNA and synthesis of the peptide bond

We are studying whether the L-19 IVS ribozyme from Tetrahymena thermophila can catalyze the formation of the peptide bond when it is supplied with synthetic aminoacyl oligonucleotides. If this reaction works, it could give us some insight into the mechanism of peptide bond formation and the origin of coded protein synthesis. Two short oligoribonucleotides, CCCCC and a protected form of CCCCU were prepared; the former was made by the controlled hydrolysis of Poly(C), and the later by multistep chemical synthesis from the protected monomers. The homopentamer was then aminocylated using C-14 labelled Boc-protected glycine imidazolide. This aminoacylated oligo-nucleotide has now been shown to enter the active site of the L-19 IVS, and aminoacyl transfer, and peptide bond formation reactions are being sought. Our synthesis of CCCCU made us aware of the inadequacy of many of the 2'- hydroxyl protecting groups that are in use today and we therefore designed a new 2'- protecting group that is presently being tested

Magneto-optical determination of the electron-solid phase-boundary

We have obtained a two-dimensional electron-solid phase diagram in the extreme magnetic quantum limit by studying the temperature dependence of the radiative recombination of electrons in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction with holes bound to a delta-layer, 250 A away in the GaAs, of Be acceptors. The low-energy shoulder to the luminescence line, indicating the presence of the electron solid, is seen to disappear at a filling-factor-dependent critical temperature. We observe no shoulder above a filling factor of 0.25, and the critical temperature falls to below 0.4 K at filling factors 1/5 and 1/7

The Ripple Effect: How One Rural School Can Embrace Indigenous Learning on a Journey Towards Truth and Reconciliation

In a K–9 rural school in Alberta, the lack of opportunities for land-based learning and understanding of Indigenous truths, histories, and ways of knowing creates a significant gap in knowledge that is an ethical obligation to address. For the school to engage in social justice and transformation to address this problem of practice, it is crucial to address this gap and work towards decolonization and indigenization. The goal of this Organizational Improvement Plan is to ensure that staff gain a deep awareness and understanding of the historical oppression and marginalization of Indigenous peoples in Canada due to colonization, both historically and through colonial systems that persist today. This transformational process will require building the critical consciousness of the staff and creating a compassionate learning environment that enables them to engage in this important work. Although the school has a racially homogenous population, it is imperative to take a firm anticolonial stance to address the legacy of colonialism that has been perpetuated in Canada for centuries. The change implementation plan adopts systems thinking to facilitate social change by recognizing the interconnectedness of different parts of the school system. It allows for a comprehensive understanding of the social issue being addressed in the problem of practice. A knowledge mobilization plan is developed to effectively disseminate the insights gained from the implementation to stakeholders and the wider community. By leveraging anticolonial theory and taking a proactive approach to education, staff can build the necessary awareness, attitudes, and actions to support decolonization and indigenization in the school and beyond. Keywords: decolonization, indigenization, social justice, anticolonial theory, critical consciousness, systems thinkin

Atmospheric cloud physics laboratory project study

Engineering studies were performed for the Zero-G Cloud Physics Experiment liquid cooling and air pressure control systems. A total of four concepts for the liquid cooling system was evaluated, two of which were found to closely approach the systems requirements. Thermal insulation requirements, system hardware, and control sensor locations were established. The reservoir sizes and initial temperatures were defined as well as system power requirements. In the study of the pressure control system, fluid analyses by the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory were performed to determine flow characteristics of various orifice sizes, vacuum pump adequacy, and control systems performance. System parameters predicted in these analyses as a function of time include the following for various orifice sizes: (1) chamber and vacuum pump mass flow rates, (2) the number of valve openings or closures, (3) the maximum cloud chamber pressure deviation from the allowable, and (4) cloud chamber and accumulator pressure

Colloquium: Physics of optical lattice clocks

Recently invented and demonstrated, optical lattice clocks hold great promise for improving the precision of modern timekeeping. These clocks aim at the 10^-18 fractional accuracy, which translates into a clock that would neither lose or gain a fraction of a second over an estimated age of the Universe. In these clocks, millions of atoms are trapped and interrogated simultaneously, dramatically improving clock stability. Here we discuss the principles of operation of these clocks and, in particular, a novel concept of "magic" trapping of atoms in optical lattices. We also highlight recently proposed microwave lattice clocks and several applications that employ the optical lattice clocks as a platform for precision measurements and quantum information processing.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure